General characters of Angiosperms:
(1)All plants have flowers at some stage in their life. The flowers are the reproductive organs for the plant, providing them with a means of exchanging genetic information.
(2)The sporophyte is differentiated into stems, roots, and leaves.
(3)The vascular system has true vessels in the xylem and companion cells in the phloem.
(4)The stamens (microsporophyll) and the carpels (megasporophyll) are organized into a structure called the flower.
(6)Each microsporophyll has four microsporangia.
(7)The ovules are enclosed in the ovary at the base of the megasporophyll.
(8)Angiosperms are heterosporous, i.e., produce two kinds of spores, microspore (pollen grains) and megaspores.
(9)A single functional megaspore is permanently retained within the nucellus.
(10)The pollen grains transfer from the anther to stigma and reproduction takes place by pollination. They are responsible for the transfer of genetic information from one flower to the other. The pollen grains are much smaller than the gametophytes or reproductive cells present in the non-flowering plants.
(11)The sporophytes are diploid.
(12)The root system is very complex and consists of cortex, xylem, phloem, and epidermis.
(13)The flowers undergo double and triple fusion which leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and triploid endosperm.
(14)Angiosperms can survive in a variety of habitats, including marine habitats.
(15)The process of fertilization is quicker in angiosperms. The seeds are also produced quickly due to the smaller female reproductive parts.
(16)All angiosperms are comprised of stamens which are the reproductive structures of the flowers. They produce the pollen grains that carry the hereditary information.
(17)The carpels enclose developing seeds that may turn into a fruit.
(18)The production of the endosperm is one of the greatest advantages of angiosperms. The endosperm is formed after fertilization and is a source of food for the developing seed and seedling.
(19)Angiosperms are the plants in which the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called flowers.
(20)The ovules remain enclosed by the ovary before fertilisation, same is the case with seeds after fertilisation in them. Now let’s understand more about these beautiful plants.
(21)The plant body is divided into roots, stems and leaves in angiosperms. At maturity the plant bears flowers, fruits and seeds.
(22)They possess vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. It is used for the conduction of water and food respectively. They are arranged in the form of vascular bundles. Xylem possesses the vessels and phloem possess sieve tubes and companion cells.
(23)It bears seed which contains the embryo.